The Research of the Entrepreneurship Potential of the University Students Who Do Not Show Entrepreneurship Tendency


KARIMAN E., ELİÖZ M.

Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, vol.37, no.2, pp.195-209, 2018 (Peer-Reviewed Journal) identifier

Abstract

In today’s world where entrepreneurship has gained momentum, detecting entrepreneurship levels of university students and putting forward the expectation of university in terms of education and guiding are of a great importance. Looking at the advancement of universities from past to present, it makes advancement in higher education obligatory to see that best universities in the world are those which are the 3rd generation entrepreneur universities. To provide this advancement, it is necessary to satisfy the expectations of students in this issue and to educate them in the way that they will show entrepreneur behaviours. It has been regarded as a big problem that university students in Turkey do not perform entrepreneur behaviour, prefer to work for a state job rather than setting up their own business after the university education. The study was conducted through face to face interviews with Samsun Ondokuz Mayıs University students in 2015-16. 1140 students in total were sampled. First, Demographic Survey composed of the questions of gender, birth date/place, currently studied department, year, education level and professions of parents, job situation, average family income, professional aim, whether the currently studied department coincides with career plan and whether they see themselves as an entrepreneur was applied to these students. Demographic Survey and Kaufmann FastTrac Entrepreneurship Character Survey developed by Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation which is the biggest charity which was committed to entrepreneurship and published in world famous Forbes and utilized in a great number of academic studies, which is composed of 17 questions were applied to 499 students who do not see themselves as entrepreneur. In this analysis, it is tried to measure desires, level of wish, wish to continue fighting even in an environment where unfamiliarities exist, decisiveness, persuasive skills, self confidence and entrepreneur character traits such as professional knowledge, their disciplines, skills of overcoming problems and effective and strategic communication skills. When the Kaufmann inventory “Entrepreneur (40-51) category and “Maybe Entrepreneur” category meaning Entrepreneurship potential can be improved are addressed together, 499 students who do not see themselves as entrepreneur were determined to have %85 percent Entrepreneur Character. As a result, it was seen in this study that among these students those who do not describe themselves as Entrepreneur also have a high potential of entrepreneurship. In order to learn the reason why these students are not aware of the Entrepreneur potential they have they are asked questions about their expectations from university. In these questions it was seen that: 1. They wanted to be informed about Entrepreneurship with %54 2. It will be useful to conduct a notification and guidance at university about entrepreneurship and setting up a business with %78 3. It will be useful that performing the entrepreneurship character analysis in detail and Professional way must be provided by university (%78) 4. It is not necessary to study fields such as management economy or finance to be an entrepreneur (%51) 5. They want to be informed about the entrepreneurship opportunities in their own field (%75) 6. It will be useful to have the notification and guidance of university about the institutions which can provide financial support/incentives in the first foundation of the company (%75) 7. It is necessary that university creates an education and seminar programme on the fear of failure and overcoming it. (%78) It was detected that students have an expectation from the university and most importantly the decision whether to be an entrepreneur or not can change with the notification and guidance of university (%74); they have expectations from the university and are not aware of their entrepreneurship potential; the importance of entrepreneurship education of university is highly important. It is of a great importance to get the students adopt entrepreneurship skills with entrepreneurship education given by the university for them to set up their own businesses and creating their own field in the professions they are educated. To bring it about, it has been seen that founding entrepreneurship consultancy and incubation centres are important in terms of supporting the students and that university activates these areas where activities of entrepreneurship are carried out with the help of techno parks. Also, it has been detected that it is necessary for successful people to make guidance to entrepreneur candidates. Guidance and informing about setting up a business (management, work law, workers law, finance etc) must be carried out at university. Students are seen to want to be informed about the entrepreneurship opportunities in their own field. They also want to have a guidance and information from the university about the institutions which can provide financial ass
Girişimciliğin büyük ivme kazandığı günümüz dünyasında üniversite öğrencilerinin girişimcilik düzeyi ve üniversitenin yol-göstericilik rolü önem taşımaktadır. Üniversite eğitiminden sonra Türkiye’deki öğrencilerin girişimci davranışı göstermemeleri ve özel sektör ya da kendi işini kurma yerine devlet kurumunda çalışmayı tercih etmeleri önemli bir sorun olarak görülmüştür. Bu çalışma üniversite öğrencilerinin girişimcilik potansiyeli olup olmadığı ve bu potansiyeli ortaya çıkarmak için gerekli desteğin alınıp alınmadığına odaklanmıştır. Bu şekilde öğrencilerin eksik noktaları, ihtiyaç ve istekleri ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Çalışma 2015 yılında Samsun Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi öğrencileri ile yüz yüze mülakat şeklinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Üniversitede öğrenim gören toplam 1140 öğrenci örneklem olarak alınmıştır. Kendini girişimci görmeyen 499 öğrenciye Demografik Anket ile 17 sorudan oluşan Girişimcilik Karakter Anketi olan Kauffman FastTrac uygulanmıştır. Girişimciliğin merkezi olan üniversite öğrencilerine “kendini girişimci görüyor musun?” sorusu yöneltilmiştir. “Hayır, kendimi girişimci görmüyorum” diyen 499 öğrencinin girişimci karakter taşıdığı tespit edilmiştir. Bu öğrencilerin neredeyse tamama yakını girişimcilikle ilgili üniversiteden çok yüksek beklenti içinde oldukları görülmüştür. Kendini girişimci görmeyen 499 öğrencinin Kauffman Envanteri “Girişimci (40-51)” kategorisi ile girişimci potansiyeli geliştirilebilecek olan “Girişimci Olabilir (30-39)” kategorisi birlikte ele alındığında; %85 oranında girişimci karakter taşıdıkları tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca bu öğrencilerin üniversiteden beklenti içinde oldukları ve en önemlisi girişimci olmama kararında üniversitenin bilgi ve yönlendirmesiyle değişebileceği %74 oranında olduğu görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak bu çalışma ile üniversite öğrencileri içerisinde kendisini girişimci olarak tanımlamayan öğrencilerin de büyük bir potansiyele sahip olduğu görülmüştür. Yükseköğretim kurumu ve üniversitelerin girişimcilik konusunda bakış açısını değiştirerek ellerinde var olan potansiyeli kullanacak yeni yaklaşımlar geliştirmesinin önemli bir adım olduğunu düşünmekteyiz.