Comparison of cytotoxicity and physicochemical properties of Cal Bio LC MTA, ProRoot MTA and NeoPutty MTA: an in vitro study
Odontology, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
- Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
- Basım Tarihi: 2026
- Doi Numarası: 10.1007/s10266-026-01449-6
- Dergi Adı: Odontology
- Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Natural Science Collection (ProQuest), Biological Science Database (ProQuest), Biomedical Reference Collection: Corporate Edition (EBSCO), Health Research Premium Collection (ProQuest), Pharma Collection (ProQuest)
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Calcium silicate cement, Cytotoxicity, FT-IR, Mineral trioxide aggregate, pH, Physicochemical properties, Pulpotomy
- Açık Arşiv Koleksiyonu: AVESİS Açık Erişim Koleksiyonu
- Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
Calcium silicate–based cements are widely used for vital pulp therapy (VPT); however, newer formulations such as premixed putty and light‑curable resin‑modified MTAs may differ in handling, bioactivity, and biocompatibility. This study compared the cytotoxicity and key physicochemical properties of Cal‑Bio LC MTA, ProRoot MTA and NeoPutty MTA. Three calcium silicate–based cements were evaluated in vitro (n = 5 per test). Setting time, flow, and radiopacity were assessed according to ISO 6876:2012; radiopacity was calculated as mm Al using an aluminum step wedge. Solubility (mass loss, %) was assessed at 1, 7 and 30 days (ISO 6876), while water sorption, solubility (µg/mm³), and porosity were assessed at 30 days (ISO 4049:2019). pH changes of set specimens were measured after 24 h, 7 d and 30 d. Compressive strength (4 × 6 mm cylinders) and Vickers microhardness were measured. FT-IR (ATR, 4000–400 cm⁻¹) was used to characterize functional groups. Cytotoxicity was assessed on human dermal fibroblasts using an extract‑based MTT assay and IC₅₀ values were calculated. Data were statistically analysed using Kruskal–Wallis H test (α = 0.05). Cal‑Bio LC MTA exhibited the shortest setting time, the highest flowability, compressive strength, and microhardness values (p <.05). While ProRoot MTA and NeoPutty MTA displayed higher radiopacity values (p <.05) radiopacity of all materials exceeded 3 mm Al. All materials met the ISO 6876 solubility limit (< 3%). ProRoot MTA exhibited the highest alkalinity over time and the highest cytocompatibility (IC₅₀ >147.224), followed by NeoPutty (IC₅₀ 91.59) and Cal‑Bio LC (IC₅₀ 78.79). Material formulation and setting mechanism strongly influenced biological and physicochemical properties. Cal‑Bio LC MTA provided superior early handling and mechanical properties, whereas ProRoot MTA showed higher alkalinity and better cytocompatibility.