Evaluation of mechanical and tribological properties of copper matrix hybrid composites reinforced with titanium diboride and graphite

Akyol O., Mutuk T.

MATERIALS LETTERS, vol.406, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus) identifier

  • Publication Type: Article / Article
  • Volume: 406
  • Publication Date: 2026
  • Doi Number: 10.1016/j.matlet.2025.139946
  • Journal Name: MATERIALS LETTERS
  • Journal Indexes: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Chemical Abstracts Core, Chimica, Compendex, INSPEC
  • Ondokuz Mayıs University Affiliated: Yes

Abstract

This study examines the microstructural, mechanical, electrical, and tribological behavior of Copper-based hybrid composites reinforced with 3.5 wt% titanium diboride (TiB2) and varying graphite (Gr) contents (1-7 wt%) produced by powder metallurgy. The Cu-TiB2-1Gr composition offers the best overall performance, combining high density, hardness, and compressive strength with relatively low electrical resistivity. Micro-structural analysis confirm uniform TiB2dispersion and stable interfaces. Although higher graphite levels enhance lubrication, they also introduce porosity and matrix discontinuities, reducing mechanical integrity. Tribological tests further show significant reductions in friction and wear through the synergistic effects of TiB2 and graphite.