Effect of calcium hydroxide removal protocols on push-out bond strength of hydraulic calcium silicate sealers: an <i>in vitro</i> study
PEERJ, cilt.14, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
- Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
- Cilt numarası: 14
- Basım Tarihi: 2026
- Doi Numarası: 10.7717/peerj.21236
- Dergi Adı: PEERJ
- Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, BIOSIS, CAB Abstracts, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Directory of Open Access Journals, Natural Science Collection (ProQuest), Biological Science Database (ProQuest)
- Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
Background and Objectives This study aims to evaluate the push-out bond strength of a hydraulic calcium silicate sealer (HCSS) (AH Plus Bioceramic; Dentsply Sirona, Tulsa, OK, USA), to dentin following calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)(2)) removal using different irrigation protocols and to assess the sealer-dentin adhesive interface. Materials and Methods Forty-four single-rooted human teeth were prepared, standardized to 16 mm in length, and instrumented with ProTaper Next to an X5 size. After final irrigation, the canals were filled with Ca(OH)(2) for two weeks. The specimens were divided into four groups according to the irrigation protocol: distilled water (control), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) combined with NaOCl, citric acid, and glycolic acid. The canals were subsequently dried and filled with HCSS, a premixed hydraulic calcium silicate sealer, using an X5 gutta-percha cone. The specimens were stored at 37 degrees C and 100% humidity for 7-day before testing. Push-out bond strength was measured using a universal testing machine, and failure modes were evaluated under a stereomicroscope.
Results Glycolic acid exhibited the highest overall bond strength, particularly in the coronal third (p < .05), compared to distilled water. EDTA + NaOCl and citric acid demonstrated similar bond strength values, both statistically superior to distilled water (p < .05), but not significantly different from glycolic acid (p > .05). Failure mode analysis revealed predominantly cohesive failures, with no statistically significant variation in failure modes among irrigation protocols or root canal thirds (p > .05).
Conclusion The irrigation protocol used for Ca(OH)(2) removal significantly influenced the push-out bond strength of HCSS. Glycolic acid demonstrated the highest bond strength, particularly in the coronal third, while EDTA + NaOCl and citric acid also enhanced bonding compared to the control group.