FOLIA HORTICULTURAE, 2025 (SCI-Expanded)
The effects of liquid vermicompost (commercial product) on nutrient content, root architecture, and plant development were studied at doses of 0, 10, 20, 40, and 80 mL center dot pot(-1). Significant increases in plant height (3.5%), shoot length (25%), leaf width (16.9%), and leaf length (15.8%) were observed at the 40 mL center dot pot(-1) application compared to the control group. The highest number of shoots was observed at 10 mL center dot pot(-1), while the 80 mL center dot pot(-1) application led to a 3.9% reduction in shoot count. Root architecture showed a general decline compared to the control, though root length and tips number increased with 10 mL center dot pot(-1), and root volume was highest at 40 mL center dot pot(-1). However, high doses (40 and 80 mL center dot pot(-1)) caused a decrease in root surface area, forks number, and root crossings number. The highest nitrogen (31%) and manganese (57%) values were found at 10 mL center dot pot(-1). Phosphorus (-41%) and magnesium (40%) were lowest at 80 mL center dot pot(-1), while zinc (-46%) was lowest at 10 mL center dot pot(-1). The highest potassium content was recorded at 40 mL center dot pot(-1) (58%). The highest calcium (1.2%), iron (23%), and copper (77%) levels were obtained at 20 mL center dot pot(-1). Machine learning algorithms used for root growth prediction showed the following performance ranking: PART > J48 > Multilayer Perceptron > Multi-Class Classifier. These findings provide valuable insights for predicting root growth in Buxus crops