Assessment and Treatment Methods for Wing Fractures in Birds

Journal of Anatolian Wildlife Sciences, cilt.1, sa.1, ss.15-23, 2026 (Hakemli Dergi)

Fractures and various orthopaedic problems are relatively common in birds, as they

are in other animal species. While indoor accidents and trauma are the main causes

of fractures in domestic songbirds, external trauma such as gunshot wounds, traffic

accidents, and predator attacks are more prevalent in wild birds. In our country, as in

many other countries, wild birds are protected by legal regulations. Türkiye is home to

a large number of bird species due to its geographical location, rich natural resources,

different habitat types, and migratory routes. With the latest updates, the number of

bird species identified in Türkiye is estimated to be approximately 500. Although the

bone structure of birds' extremities shares similarities with mammals, significant

anatomical and physiological differences have evolved as a result of adaptations for

flight. Pneumatic long bones, which have thin cortices and wide medullary cavities,

and are more sensitive to impact; therefore, comminuted fractures are more common

in birds. Callus formation typically begins within 7-10 days. Endosteal callus is more

decisive in the healing of pneumatic bones. While the prognosis is generally good in

simple fractures, it is negatively affected in infected, comminuted, or delayed fractures.

Birds experience intense stress from being handled, injured, or undergoing treatment.

Therefore, a thorough understanding of the anatomical and physiological structures

specific to birds is critical for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment.