Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
Veterinary Medicine and Science, cilt.13, sa.2, ss.1-14, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
ABSTRACT
Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a common metabolic disorder marked by insulin resistance, impaired insulin
secretion, oxidative stress, and dysregulated appetite and energy balance. Biomarkers like glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4),
phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), sirtuin 6 (SIRT6), nesfatin-1, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), leptin, and insulin-like growth
factor 1 (IGF-1) play important roles in various physiological processes.
Objectives: This study evaluated the metabolic and molecular effects of psyllium in an experimental T2DM rat model.
Methods: Thirty male Wistar Albino rats were divided into three groups (n = 10): Control, Diabetes, and Diabetes + PHP. T2DM
was induced by a high-fat diet followed by streptozotocin (35 mg/kg), and the Diabetes + PHP group received 10% PHP from week
five. At study completion, metabolic parameters, serum biomarkers, and tissue protein expressions were assessed.
Results: T2DM is typically associated with elevated insulin levels and overeating behaviour due to insulin resistance. However,
PHP treatment appears to improve insulin sensitivity, leading to a reduction in both body weight and insulin levels. In the
T2DM rat model, PHP significantly reduced serum glucose, triglyceride, and leptin levels compared with the diabetic group (p
< 0.05). PHP reduced body weight and serum Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), insulin, total
cholesterol, creatinine, C-peptide, and total oxidant status, while increasing serum SIRT6, total antioxidant status, Homeostatic
Model Assessment of β-cell function (HOMA-β), nesfatin-1, glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1), and insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF1); however, these changes were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Tissue analyses showed that PHP improved some muscle
parameters (triglycerides and total protein; p < 0.05) but did not fully normalise glucose levels in liver and muscle. Uric acid
levels remained decreased in liver and muscle after PHP treatment. PHP tended to increase tissue insulin levels while reducing
serum insulin, and partially modulated SIRT6 levels, without statistical significance. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel
electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) revealed distinct group-specific protein expression patterns in liver and muscle tissues. Additionally,
GLUT4, PI3K, and SIRT6 expressions were reduced in diabetic rats and partially restored by PHP without reaching control
levels.