Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY, 2025 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
Background/Objective: Limited studies have examined the effects of meals containing processed foods or ultra-processed foods (UPF) on appetite regulation and results were inconsistent and difficult to generalize. Therefore, the study aimed to evaluate the potential efficacy of two different breakfasts containing processed foods or UPF on postprandial appetite regulation in adults with different body mass index (BMI). Methods: Twenty-eight participants (eighteen with normal BMI (BMI: 18.50-24.99 kg/m(2)), ten with high BMI (BMI > 25.0 kg/m(2)) were included in the study. General demographic information form, food consumption records, and Screening Questionnaire of Highly Processed Food Consumption (sQ-HPF) were applied and anthropometric measurements (body weight, height, waist circumference, waist/hip ratio and waist/height ratio) were taken. Participants made two visits, 2 weeks apart, and were offered two different breakfasts: Processed Breakfast and UPF Breakfast. Blood samples were collected before starting the meal (0 min) and 30, 60, 90, and 120 min after taking the first bite, and serum glucose, insulin, amylin, GLP-1, and GIP levels were analyzed using ELISA/colorimetric methods. Also, participants were administrated a visual analogue scale (VAS) to subjectively assess appetite regulation at the same times. Results: Daily energy, macro and micronutrients consumption were similar across BMI groups for both breakfast in prior the experiment and throughout the rest of the experimental day (p > 0.05). The total area under the curve (tAUC) for hunger sensation and insulin were higher after the UPF Breakfast compared to the Processed Breakfast (p = 0.009, p = 0.016, respectively). Other data were no different both between breakfast types and different BMI groups. Conclusion: Overall, while short-term appetite hormone responses to UPF Breakfast and Processed Breakfasts were similar, higher insulin levels and subjective feelings of hunger, following UPF Breakfast independent of BMI status. These findings suggest that the degree of food processing, rather than BMI, may influence specific aspects of postprandial appetite regulation.