Research Information System
10th International European Conference on Interdisciplinary Scientific Research, 27 - 29 August 2024, pp.215, (Summary Text)
Dental caries are one of the most common chronic diseases worldwide. A high-carbohydrate diet, inadequate fluoride exposure, the presence of dental plaque, and an increase in pathogenic bacteria are factors that accelerate the formation of dental caries. Additionally, some individuals were found to be more susceptible to caries. This situation may be due to differences in genetic factors that affect caries-etiopathogenicity. Polymorphisms in genes that are effective in tooth mineralization, quality and quantity of saliva, the immune system, and taste receptors are thought to affect dental caries. It has been reported that some genetic polymorphisms increase susceptibility to caries, whereas others reduce the formation of caries. It has been shown that different sequences on the same genome can produce very different effects. Many studies have examined the effects of polymorphisms in genes related to mineralization in dental caries. Polymorphisms related to mineralization include matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP3), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9), bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2), bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP4), arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase (ALOX15), amelogenin-X (AMELX), ameloblastin (AMBN), distal-less homeobax-3 (DLX3), enamelin (ENAM), Tuftelin-1 (TUFT1), tuftelin-interacting protein-11 (TFIP11), Metalloproteinase-2 tissue inhibitors (TIMP2), and Vitamin D receptor (VDR) genes. Polymorphisms related to the immune system include beta-defensin 1 (DEFB1), lactotransferrin (LTF), mannose-binding lectin (MBL2), T cell receptor alpha (TRAV), angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), microRNA202, mannose-binding lectin-associated serine protease-2 (MASP-2), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) genes. Polymorphisms related to taste belong to taste receptor genes 2, 3, and 38 (TAS1R2, TAS1R3, TAS2R38), glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2), and guanine nucleotide binding protein (GNAT-3) genes. Polymorphisms related to saliva include carbonic anhydrase 6 (CA6), mucin (MUC), and Acidic Proline Rich Protein 1 (PRH1). Current studies are fundamental for the development of new therapeutic methods such as caries vaccines, gene therapy, and molecular vaccines. However, the large number of genes that may be associated with dental caries, the fact that many polymorphisms can be seen in different genes in different societies, researchers may prefer to work on different tooth groups, and environmental factors such as variability can cause heterogeneity and inconsistencies. Although there is a common opinion in the scientific world that genetic polymorphisms affect dental caries, further studies are needed to obtain reliable and definitive results.
Keywords: Dental caries, Genes, Polymorphisms