Supply-Chain-Ready 915 MHz Radio-Frequency Identification Meander Dipole
IET SCIENCE MEASUREMENT & TECHNOLOGY, cilt.20, sa.1, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
- Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
- Cilt numarası: 20 Sayı: 1
- Basım Tarihi: 2026
- Doi Numarası: 10.1049/smt2.70079
- Dergi Adı: IET SCIENCE MEASUREMENT & TECHNOLOGY
- Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Aerospace Database, Applied Science & Technology Source, Compendex, INSPEC, Directory of Open Access Journals, Academic Search Ultimate (EBSCO), Business Source Ultimate (EBSCO), Engineering Source (EBSCO), Materials Science & Engineering Collection (ProQuest), Technology Collection (ProQuest)
- Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
This paper presents a physics-aware, spec-driven machine-learning (ML) optimization framework for synthesizing printable ultra-high frequency (UHF) radio-frequency identification (RFID) meandered dipoles targeting the heavily regulated 902-928 MHz operational corridor. Evaluated under a strictly capped 300-solve computational budget within a full-wave 3D EM environment, the proposed methodology-guided by a PCA-hybrid surrogate and dynamic out-of-distribution (OOD) penalties-is comprehensively benchmarked against three solver-integrated baselines: trust-region frameworks (TRF), covariance matrix adaptation evolution strategy (CMA-ES) and Classic Powell (CP). High-fidelity free-space results reveal a fundamental topological bifurcation. Unconstrained stochastic heuristics (CMA-ES and CP) deceptively achieve approximate to 100% in-band coverage through aggressive geometric over-coupling, inducing massive out-of-band spectral leakage (>= 22.71 MHz overflow) that violates regulatory emission masks. Crucially, when subjected to the dielectric shock of standard corrugated cardboard packaging (epsilon(r) = 2.0), these unconstrained topologies catastrophically overfit, suffering downward resonant drifts of up to 216.8 MHz into unregulated cellular bands. Conversely, the proposed Surrogate-TR utilizes its OOD penalty to strictly enforce a zero-leakage emission mask. By intentionally halting free-space bandwidth expansion at an optimal Pareto boundary (approximate to 70% coverage), the algorithm engineers a deliberate spectral 'safety buffer'. Under cardboard dielectric loading, this buffer acts as a physical shock absorber, elegantly absorbing a 72.0 MHz detuning shift while maintaining a pristine -18.02 dB impedance match without structural deformation. Furthermore, the surrogate-optimized geometry delivers an exceptional free-space directivity of 1.86 dBi and approximate to 92.0% radiation efficiency, yielding a massive theoretical forward-link read range of approximate to 26.1 m. To guarantee byte-for-byte reproducibility, all converged 11-dimensional geometric vectors and spectra are explicitly released, providing a robust, zero-leakage baseline for supply-chain antenna engineering.