Development and Validation of Transcendent Thinking Scale

Duran V., Çelik F.

International Journal of Applied Positive Psychology, vol.11, no.2, 2026 (Scopus)

Abstract

Transcendent thinking refers to the capacity to move beyond immediate self-focused concerns and to integrate personal experiences within broader systems of meaning and purpose. Despite its theoretical importance, it has remained largely unmeasured in studies of adolescence and emerging adulthood, creating a need for a dedicated instrument. This study describes the development and validation of the Transcendent Thinking Scale (TTS) and examines its psychometric properties among secondary and postsecondary students in Türkiye (N = 709; ages 14–22). A theory-based, expert-reviewed item pool was administered online. Exploratory (N = 318) and confirmatory (N = 391) factor analyses supported a unidimensional structure, which led to a concise ten-item form with strong internal consistency. Evidence for convergent and discriminant validity was observed through predicted relationships with sense-making, sensory awareness, and mindfulness-related constructs. Structural modeling further supported the conceptual pathway linking reflective meaning-making and transcendent thinking. Gender and age differences were minimal. The findings suggest that the TTS provides a brief, reliable, and developmentally appropriate tool for research and practice in purpose development, reflective pedagogy, and counseling. Limitations and directions for future inquiry are discussed.