Purpose: The main purpose of this study, which makes the structural analysis of KOSGEB (Small and Medium Enterprises Development Organization of Turkey) directorates and reveals their economic structures, is to reveal the development of total factor productivity of KOSGEB directorates over time and to suggest strategies and policies that can increase total factor productivity in terms of effective use of public resources. Methodology: The technical efficiency scores of the directorates were calculated with the data envelopment analysis method developed on Farrell's "Measurement of Productive Efficiency" study in 1957. The total factor productivity of the institution for the years 2018-2020 has been revealed by the Malmquist index method and the components of this index have been analyzed. Findings: As a result, it has been understood that the same outputs obtained by KOSGEB throughout Turkey in 2018-2020 can be achieved with 29% savings. It has been revealed that the source of the change in total factor productivity, which is negative for the examined period, is the change in technology. Originality: Institutions that have determined strategies and policies that can increase their efficiency will make a positive contribution to the country's economy. Studies on the efficiency of institutions in the literature have generally been made at the local or regional level. This study is one of the few studies found in the literature for institutions at the national level in Turkey.