Establishment of <i>Rhizophagus grandis</i> (Gyllenhal) in <i>Dendroctonus micans</i> (Kugelann) populations and levels of colonization by the predator in oriental spruce forests of Turkey
KASTAMONU UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF FORESTRY FACULTY, cilt.10, sa.2, ss.137-146, 2010 (ESCI, TRDizin)
- Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
- Cilt numarası: 10 Sayı: 2
- Basım Tarihi: 2010
- Dergi Adı: KASTAMONU UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF FORESTRY FACULTY
- Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI), TR DİZİN (ULAKBİM)
- Sayfa Sayıları: ss.137-146
- Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Adresli: Hayır
Özet
Dendroctonus micans (Kugelann) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae) that has been first discovered in the late 1960s has spread almost all over the oriental spruce, Picea orientalis (L.) Link. forests of Turkey that is about 300 thousand ha extent, and damaged 35.3% of the spruce trees including cut trees. To date nearly eight million Rhizophagus grandis (Gyllenhal) (Coleoptera: Rhizophagidae) have been reared during the biological control studies that have been started in 1985 and carried on continuously, and have been put in D. micans galleries in infested trees. Rapid coverage of the infested forests by R. grandis have been aimed in these biological control studies and relatively low density introductions, usually 50-100 pairs/ha have been applied. A total of 3010 trees were evaluated in 120 study plots between the altitudes 900-2100m in Turkish spruce forests, and establishment of R. grandis in D. micans populations and levels of colonization by the predator were investigated. D. micans was present in the 90% of the studied plots and its specific predator R. grandis was present in 30.6% of these plots. R. grandis was present in 14.5% of the infested trees and 14.9% of D. micans broods. A total of 603 R. grandis adults and larvae were found together with 3043 D. micans adults, eggs, larvae and pupae. Actual effectiveness of R. grandis was 78% in D. micans broods, and 24% in study plots where the predator was present. Although there was a 1.8 times increase in the number of R. grandis, the effectiveness of the predator was 17.8% lower in the late season compared to early and mid season.