Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
MIDDLE EASTERN STUDIES (London), cilt.61, sa.5, ss.598-612, 2025 (SSCI, Scopus)
This study explores the pivotal role of Mr. Ritter, a French engineer, in the modernization efforts of the Ottoman Empire during the nineteenth century. Despite the Ottomans’ vast territorial expansion, they struggled to adapt to changing global systems and relied increasingly on European expertise. Mr. Ritter’s contributions spanned multiple domains, including roadways, railways, and port construction. His work in clearing marshes, developing ports like Imbros and Ayvalık, and improving critical transportation routes exemplifies his multifaceted impact. Additionally, his involvement in meteorological observations and geological studies underscored his scientific acumen. The study highlights the Ottoman Empire’s dependency on foreign experts for technological and infrastructural advancements. Mr. Ritter’s foresight in planning, dedication to improving transportation infrastructure, and efforts in education at engineering schools demonstrate his significant influence. The analysis addresses the broader context of the Ottoman Empire’s engagement with European experts, underscoring the complexities of modernization and the Empire’s gradual adaptation to contemporary global norms.