High-yield catalytic Co-pyrolysis of polypropylene waste and Chlorella vulgaris into biofuel using a biomass-derived Co-Mo/AC-ZSM-5 catalyst
RENEWABLE ENERGY, vol.266, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
- Publication Type: Article / Article
- Volume: 266
- Publication Date: 2026
- Doi Number: 10.1016/j.renene.2026.125717
- Journal Name: RENEWABLE ENERGY
- Journal Indexes: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Compendex, Environment Index, Geobase, Greenfile, Index Islamicus, INSPEC, Public Affairs Index, Academic Search Ultimate (EBSCO)
- Ondokuz Mayıs University Affiliated: Yes
Abstract
The growing environmental crisis from plastic waste calls for innovative and sustainable solutions. In this study, we developed a novel catalytic system for converting polypropylene waste into high-quality biofuel using a CoMo/AC-ZSM-5 composite catalyst synthesized from date palm seeds and natural Iraqi kaolin. Extensive catalyst characterization through XRD, TGA, BET, and SEM-EDX confirmed successful Co-Mo incorporation, thermal stability, and favorable surface properties. To improve polypropylene conversion efficiency and increase the liquid bio-oil yield, Chlorella vulgaris biomass was incorporated as a natural co-feedstock. The catalyst exhibited high activity, selectivity, and stability across multiple pyrolysis cycles. At just 325 degrees C and high pressure, this method produces near-complete oil reserves (above 99 wt%). Thus, it proves a level of conversion significantly higher than that reported in previous research at the same or increased temperatures. This integrated approach offers a promising route for transforming plastic and biomass waste into renewable energy resources, contributing to sustainable energy systems and environmental protection.