Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING, cilt.289, ss.129898, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
This study presents the design optimization, numerical modeling, and experimental validation of a novel conformal liquid cooling system developed for cylindrical lithium-ion battery modules. A genetic algorithm was employed to optimize the geometrical parameters of internal and external conformal cooling channels based on the criteria of maximum cell temperature (Tmax), maximum temperature difference (ΔTmax), and pressure drop (ΔP). The final design, manufactured via additive methods, was integrated into a 3 × 3 Aspilsan INR18650A28 battery module and tested experimentally under a 5C discharge rate and ≈0.0083 kg/s flow rate. Experimental results demonstrated effective thermal regulation, with a maximum temperature (Tmax) of 27.44 °C. Numerical simulations under the same conditions yielded a Tmax of 25.69 °C, indicating a strong correlation with experimental data. Additional numerical studies based on the MSMD model revealed that the system maintained temperatures below 25 °C for 5C, ∼31 °C for 7C, and below 40 °C for 9C, confirming robust thermal control across a range of operating conditions. Furthermore, variations in coolant inlet temperature (5 °C, 15 °C, and 25 °C) significantly affected average cell temperatures but had minimal impact on thermal uniformity, with ΔTmax remaining below 0.51 °C in all scenarios. Compared to existing BTMS designs in the literature, the proposed conformal system delivered superior performance in both Tmax and ΔTmax metrics under high discharge rates. These results validate the effectiveness and manufacturability of conformal cooling as a next-generation battery thermal management strategy for high-performance and compact electric vehicle applications.